OMT: Articulation, Thrust, Counterstrain, and Muscle Energy Techniques
In Osteopathic Manipulation Treatment (OMT), there are multiple techniques that osteopathic physicians can select for treatment. Certain techniques can achieve similar results, therefore osteopathic physicians can use either technique or combine techniques. The following section provides information on:
- Articulation Technique
- Thrust Technique
- Counterstrain Technique
- Muscle Energy Technique
Articulation, Thrust, Counterstrain and Muscle Energy are all separate types of osteopathic techniques aimed to improve range of motion and quality of motion for patients experiencing restricted motion from joints and muscle tightness.
Articulation
Osteopathic physicians apply articulation by repetitively using a gentle manipulation force to push the joint against the tissue where the motion is restricted (sometimes referred to as the “restrictive barrier”).
The goal is to get this restricted tissue to release so that motion can flow. Therefore, the physician will repetitively manipulate the joint in all directions and thresholds of motion. The patient’s response in tiredness and to pain is also taken into consideration. By resisting the joint’s passive articulating motion repetitively, the articulation is improved, and eventually the restrictive barrier releases and allows the patient to experience better motion ability.
Articulation is usually used for patients with arthritis conditions, may be used for patients with Parkinson’s Disease, and also those who have recently recovered from surgery.
Thrust
Thrust is applied when the osteopathic physician moves or pulls the joint in the same direction that the muscle is resisting, and then applies a sharp force at the point of resistance causing a “pop” sound as the joint and muscle restore healthy function.
The goal is to address impairments in the body’s structures so that motion range and quality can be improved for those experiencing restricted motion. Relief usually follows fairly soon after treatment. Thrust is used to improve range of motion for those experiencing restricted motion from injury or stiffness.
Counterstrain
The counterstrain technique is used by osteopathic physicians to identify tender and trigger points in tissue causing patients pain and discomfort, and to relieve pain. Repetitive treatment through counterstrain is aimed at restoring the body’s natural homeostasis and balance.
The physician places the patient in a position of comfort for about an hour and a half (time may vary), and then helps the patient into a neutral relaxed position thereafter. Patients experience less tenderness, discomfort, and pain thereafter. Counterstrain is used in pain relief and to balance abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system.
Muscle Energy
In the muscle energy technique, the osteopathic physician selects a specific counterforce, such as a bone and then asks the patient to contract their muscle(s), moving the joint or bone of the contracted muscle against the counterforce selected. The osteopathic physician actively manipulates the patient’s muscles in a direction opposing the counterforce. The manipulation is done in a controlled manner to strengthen muscles that are weak, tight and short.
The goal is also to stimulate muscles where restriction (tightness) is present. Through the muscle energy technique, patients experience better joint mobility, more flexible muscle motion, enhanced circulation and balanced neuromuscular flow. Muscle energy may be used to help patients with blood or lymphatic circulation irregularities, and neuro-muscular disorders.